Information

RIP

Routes: Displays the entire routing configuration information and the routing table for an interface configured using the RIP protocol.
Status: Displays the RIP routing protocol process parameters and statistics.

Table 1. Routes
Codes and sub-codes	Shows how the destination routing information is obtained.
Codes	R – RIP, C – connected, S – Static, O – OSPF, B – BGP, K – Kernel route.
Sub-codes	(n) – normal, (s) – static, (d) – default, (r) – redistribute, (i) – interface
Network	Specifies the IP address and subnet mask of the destination.
Next hop	Specifies an IP address of the next hop routing device.
Metric	Specifies the number of routing devices (hop count) a packet must pass through to reach the final destination.
From	Indicates the router (router IP address) from which the metric is calculated to reach the destination. If it is directly connected it will show self.
Tag	Indicates the method used for distinguishing between internal routes (learned by RIP) and external routes learned from External Gateway Protocol (ERP) protocols. 0 indicates no tag is attached to the route.
Time	Indicates the elapsed time after which the routing entry will be flushed from the RIP table.

Table 2. Status
Routing protocol is “rip”	Indicates the routing protocol used.
Sending updates	Indicates the time between sending updates.
Next due	Specifies when the next update is due to be sent.
Timeout after	Indicates the time-out interval for RIP route after which it is declared invalid and removed from the routing table until the garbage-collect time expires.
Garbage collect	Indicates the time period during which the route metric is set to 16. If no updates are received for the route before the expiry of the garbage-collect timer, a route with metric 16 is deleted from the routing table.
Outgoing update	Indicates whether the outgoing filtering list has been set.
Incoming update	Indicates whether the incoming filtering list has been set.
Default redistribution metric	Metric of routes that are redistributed from other routes.
Redistributing	Indicates the information about redistribution of other protocols.
Default version control	Indicates the version of RIP packet that are sent and received.
Interface	Shows a RIP-enabled routing interface.
Send	Displays the version of RIP packets sent out to the routing interface. The version is one of the following: RIP1, RIP2.
Recv	Displays the version of RIP packets accepted on the routing interface. The version is one of the following: RIP1, RIP2 , Both.
Key-chain	Displayed the authentication key-chain name for the interface, if it is configured.
Routing for network	Indicates the networks for which the routing process is currently injecting routes.
Routing information sources	Indicates the routing sources used to build the routing table. For each source, the following information is displayed. Gateway: Indicates an IP address of the next hop routing device. Bad packets: Indicates the number of bad packets received by the router. Bad routes: Indicates the number of invalid routes from the router. Distance last update: Indicates the time when the administrative distance was last updated. Distance: Indicates the administrative distance. The distance displayed by default is 120.

OSPF

Border routers: Displays the information about the internal OSPF routing table entries to an Area Border Router (ABR) and Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR).
Routes: Displays the information about the internal OSPF routing table entries.
Database: Database shows the list of information related to the OSPF database summary for a specific router. Each link-state database includes link-state an advertisement from throughout the areas to which the router is attached.
Neighbors (ARP–NDP): Provides neighbor information based on peer-interface relation.
Interface: Displays OSPF interface information.

Table 3. Border routers
R	Indicates that the information for the route is provided to a particular border router.
Network IP address	Indicates the router ID of the destination.
Metric	Specifies the cost to reach the final destination.
Area	Indicates the area identifier of the outgoing interface.
Next hop	Specifies the management IP address of the next hop routing device.
Outgoing interface	Indicates the name and IP address of the outgoing interface to reach the destination.

Table 4. Routes
N	Indicates that the information is provided for a network.
Network IP address	Indicates the router ID of the destination.
Metric	Specifies the cost to reach the final destination.
Area	Indicates the area identifier of the outgoing interface.
Next hop	Specifies the management IP address of the next hop routing device.
Directly attached	Indicates a network is directly connected to the interface.
Outgoing interface	Indicates the name and IP address of the outgoing interface to reach the destination.

Table 5. Database
Link ID	Indicates the ID of the link-state advertisement using which a router learns the route. In other words, while a link-state advertisement describes a router, the link-state ID router’s OSPF router ID. The link-state advertisement describing a network can have one of the following two formats of link-state ID: the network’s IP address or an address generated using the link-state ID.
ADV router	Indicates the advertising router ID of the destination.
Age	Indicates the time, in seconds, since the LSA was generated.
Seq#	Link state sequence number (detects old or duplicate link-state advertisements).
CkSum	Checksum of the complete content of the link-state advertisement.
Link count	Number of interfaces detected for the router.
Net link states	Gives information about network LSA originated by DR (designated router)
Router link states	Gives information about router LSA originated by every router.
Summary net link states	Indicates the information about summary LSA originated by ABR’s.

Table 6. Neighbors
Neighbor ID	Indicates the neighbor router’s ID.
Pri	Indicates the router priority assigned to that neighbor.
State	Displays the conversation between router and neighbor since the neighbor was created. It can have one of the following values: Down: Indicates the initial state of a neighbor conversation, that is, there has been no recent information received from the neighbor. Attempt: Valid only for neighbors attached to non-broadcast networks. Indicates that there has been no recent information received from the neighbor. Init: Indicates a hello packet has been received recently from a neighbor although the adjacency is not two-way, that is, a bi-directional communication has not yet been established with neighbor. 2-Way: Indicates that a bi-directional communication is established between the routers and the neighbor has included the router ID in its Hello message. The DR and BDR are elected from the set of neighbors in 2-way state or higher. ExStart: Indicates that the two routers are going to synchronize and determine which router will be master and which the slave. Exchange: Indicates that the two routers are describing their respective link-state database by sending database description packets. Loading: Indicates that link-state request packets are sent to the neighbor, requesting for more advertisements that have been discovered but are not yet received in Exchange state. Full: Indicates that both routers have accomplished the exchange of all the relevant advertisements and can now appear in router-link and neighbor-link advertisements. Backup: Indicates that the neighbor is a backup designated router. Dead time: The waiting time in seconds to receive a hello message from OSPF neighbor before assuming the neighbor is dead. Address: Specifies the IP address of the router’s interface with the neighbor. Interface: Indicates the IP address of neighbor interface. RXmtL: Indicates the link-state retransmit count. RqstL: Indicates the link-state request count. DBsmL: Indicates the link-state summary count.

Table 7. Interface
Interface value	Indicates the status of the physical interface, that is, whether the interface is up or down.
IfIndex	Indicates the value of interface index (IfIndex). It is an identification unique number associated with an interface.
MTU	Indicates the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) value of the interface. MTU is the largest physical packet size, in bytes, that a network can transmit. This parameter becomes an issue when networks are interconnected and the networks have different MTU sizes. Any packets larger than the MTU value are divided (fragmented) into smaller packets before being sent.
BW	Indicates the bandwidth of the interface.
Internet address	Displays the IP address of the interface.
Network type/IP address	Indicates the type of the network along with the IP address.
Area	Indicates the IP address of the area identifier.
MTU mismatch detection	Indicates whether the MTU mismatch detection is enabled or disabled. If it is enabled, it would match the MTU of both the interfaces participating in neighborship establishment.
Router ID	Indicates the identification number of the OSPF router selected at the start of the OSPF process. The router ID is unique within the OSPF domain and does not change unless OSPF restarts or is manually modified.
Network type	Indicates the type of network to which the OSPF interface is connected. A network can be one of the following types: Point-to-point: A point-to-point network can connect only two routers. Point-to-Multipoint (non-broadcast): A point-to-multipoint network connects one router to several other routers. Broadcast: Indicates a network that supports broadcast. In a broadcast network a single packet sent (broadcasted) by a router is received by all the routers within the network. Non Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA): Indicates that the network does not have the capability to broadcast or multicast. It is used to accurate model X.25 and frame-relay environment in multiple-access network.
Cost	Displays the OSPF metric. It is calculated using formula: 10⁸/bandwidth (in bits per seconds [bps]) where 10 ⁸: is the reference bandwidth bandwidth: is the bandwidth of the interface in bps
Transmit delay	Indicates the time in seconds which the OSPF router waits before flooding a link-state advertisement (LSA) over the link. The link state age is incremented by this value, before transmitting an LSA. The default value of transmit delay is 1 second.
State	Indicates the current state of the specified interface. The state can be one of the following: DR: The router is a designated router (DR) on the network. BDR: The router is a backup designated router (BDR) on the network. DROTHER: The router is neither a DR nor a BDR on the network and it establishes adjacencies only with the DR and the BDR. Waiting: The interface router is in waiting to announce the state of the link as DR. Note This state is normal in case of non-broadcast multi-access network. Point-to-Point: The interface in point-to-point state is fully functional and starts exchanging hello packets with all its neighbors. Point-to-Multipoint: Indicates the interface to be point-to multipoint for OSPF.
Priority	Indicates the priority of the interface router. It assists in electing the DR and BDR on the network to which the interface is connected. Default: 1 Note A router with priority value 0 can never be a DR/BDR.
Designated Router ID	Indicates the DR router ID for the respective network.
Backup Designated Router ID	Indicates the BDR router ID for the respective network
Saved Network-LSA sequence number	Indicates the network’s link-state sequence number. It is used to calculate shortest path first (SPF).
Multicast group membership	Indicates the multicast group in which the router is a member.
Timer intervals configured	Displays the value of following OSPF timers: Hello: Time interval in seconds that a router sends a hello packet. Dead: Indicates the waiting time in seconds before declaring a neighbor dead. Wait: Displays the time interval that leads the interface to terminate the waiting period and elect the DR on the network. Retransmit: Displays the waiting time before re-transmitting a database description (DBD) packet if it has not been acknowledged earlier. Hello due in: Specifies when the next hello packet is due to be sent. Neighbor count: Indicates the total number of discovered neighbors on the interface. Adjacent neighbor count: Indicates the total number of adjacent neighbors that are fully adjacent to the interface.

BGP

Neighbors (ARP–NDP): Displays the information about the BGP and its peer connections and shows the number of routes advertised/neighbors to/from that peer.
Routes: Displays the entire routing configuration information and the routing table for an interface configured using the BGP protocol.
Summary: Displays the status of all the BGP connections details such as path, prefixes and attributes information about all the connections to BGP neighbors.

Table 8. Neighbors
BGP Neighbor	Indicates the IP address of the BGP neighbor.
Remote AS	Indicates the AS number of the neighbor router.
Local AS	Indicates the value of the configured local autonomous systems (AS).
Internal/External link	Displays internal links for internal BGP (iBGP) neighbors and external link for external BGP (eBGP).
BGP version	Indicates BGP version used for communication with remote router.
Remote router ID	Indicates router ID of the neighbor router.
BGP state	Indicates the finite state machine (FSM) stage. It describes what action should be taken by the BGP routing engine and when for session negotiation.
Last read	Displays the time, since BGP router last received a message from the neighbor. The time is displayed in HH:MM:SS format.
Hold time	Displays the time in seconds, until which the BGP will maintain the session with the neighbor without receiving any message from it.
Keepalive interval	Displays the time interval in seconds specifying how often the BGP router sends the keep-alive message to the neighbor.
Message statistics	Displays the statistics organized by message type. InQ: Indicates the number of messages that are in queue, pending to be processed from the neighbor. OutQ: Indicates the number of messages that are in queue, pending to be sent to the neighbor. Sent: Indicates the number of messages sent to the neighbor. Received: Indicates the number of messages received from the neighbor. Opens: Indicates the total number of open messages sent and received. Notifications: Indicates the total number of error notification messages sent and received. Updates: Indicates the total number of update messages sent and received. Keepalives: Indicates the total number of keep-alive messages sent and received. Route refresh: Indicates the total number of route refresh messages sent and received. Capability: Indicates the total number of BGP capabilities advertised and received from the neighbor. Total: Indicates the total number of messages sent and received.
Minimum time between advertisement runs	Displays the time in seconds between the sent advertisements.
For address family	Indicates the IP address family.
Community attribute sent to this neighbor	Indicates the numerical value of the BGP community. This numerical value is assigned to a specific prefix and advertised to the neighbor, based on which it decides whether to filter or modify attributes.
Accepted prefix	Indicates the number of accepted prefixes that can participate in a BGP peer session.
Connections established	Indicates the number of times a TCP and a BGP connection has been established successfully.
Dropped	Indicates the number of times a valid session failed or has been taken down.
Last reset	Displays the time since when the previously established session with the neighbor ended.
Local host and local port	Displays the IP address and port number of the local BGP router.
Foreign host and foreign port	Displays the IP address of neighbor and BGP destination port number.
Next hop	Indicates the management IP address of the next hop routing device.
Next connect timer due in	Specifies when the next hello packet is due to be sent to the BGP neighbor.
Read thread	Indicates if the read thread is on or off.
Write thread	Indicates if the write thread is on or off.

Table 9. Routes
BGP table version	Indicates the table version number. The version number is updated with any change in the BGP table.
Local router ID	Indicates the IP address of the router.
Status codes and origin codes	Shows how the destination routing information is obtained. Status codes: A status code indicates the status of the table entry and is displayed at the beginning of each line in the table. Status code value can be one of the following: s – suppressed, d –damped, h – history, * – valid, > – best, i – internal, r – Routing Information Base (RIB)-failure, S – Stale, R – Removed. Origin codes: An origin code indicates the origin of the entry and is displayed at the end of each line in the table. Origin code value can be one of the following: i – Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), e – Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), ? – incomplete/path not clear.
Network	Indicates the IP address and subnet mask of the destination.
Next hop	Indicates the management IP address of the next hop routing device. 0.0.0.0 indicates the router has non-BGP routes to the network.
Metric	Indicates the value of inter autonomous system metric.
LocPrf	Indicates the local preference value. Local preference is one of the methods to change the path taken by one autonomous system (AS) to reach to another AS. Local preference value indicates to AS about the path that has local preference, and one with the highest preference being preferred.
Weight	Indicates the route weight as set via autonomous system filters. If more than one path exists to a particular IP address, then the path with the highest weight is selected.
Path	Indicates the autonomous system path to the destination network.
Total number of prefixes	Indicates the total number of prefixes/networks.

Table 10. Summary
BGP router identifier	Indicates the router ID of the BGP router
Local AS number	Indicates the local autonomous system number to which this router belongs.
RIB entries	Indicates the number of routing information entries in RIB
Memory	Indicates the memory used by RIB entries.
Peer	Indicates the number of neighbors with which the connection is established.
Memory	Indicates the memory used by neighbor entries.
Neighbor	Indicates the IP address of the neighbor.
V	Indicates BGP version number provided to the neighbor.
LocPrf	Indicates local preference value. Local preference is one of the methods to change the path taken by one autonomous system (AS) to reach to another AS. Local preference value indicates to AS about the path that has local preference, and one with the highest preference being preferred.
AS	Indicates the autonomous system number.
MsgRcvd	Indicates the number of messages received from the neighbor.
MsgSent	Indicates the number of messages sent to the neighbor.
TblVer	Indicates the last version of the BGP database that was sent to the neighbor.
InQ	Indicates the number of messages that are in queue, pending to be processed from the neighbor.
OutQ	Indicates the number of messages that are in queue, pending to be sent to the neighbor.
Up/Down	Indicates the total time of a BGP session to remain in established state, or gives the current status of BGP session, if it is not in established state.
State/PfxRcd	Indicates the state of the neighbor and the number of prefixes received.
Total number of neighbors	Indicates the total number of neighbors.

PIM-SM

Interface table: Displays all the PIM enabled interfaces and the neighbor information of each interface.
Multicasting routing table: Displays the information of the multicast groups joined. The information includes the source address, multicast group address, the incoming interface from which packets are accepted, list of outgoing interfaces to which packets are sent, PIM timers, flag bits etc.
RP SET: Displays RP set information which is a collection of group-to-RP mappings. This information is used to determine the RP for a multicast group and is maintained by a PIM router.